The cooling tower will be operated with the standard packing installed with constant water flow rate and with constant water inlet temperature. Depending on the quality of available fresh water supply, waterside problems develop in cooling water systems from. Cooling tower makeup water calculation with example. Base experimental conditions for the forced draft cooling tower system. The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. For this purpose a tank used where the hot water coming from the different equipment gets collected.
According to the method adopted to circulate the air, cooling towers may be classified as. Because the cooling tower water supplies were neutralized, the presence of acid droplets in the plume is a priori evidence that sulfur dioxide from the stack gases had reacted with the moisture in the cooling tower plume. Cooling experiments with water and foam study into fluegas cooling and fire extinction when deploying caf, firedos, high pressure and low pressure hose lines in offensive interior fire fighting. Prelab report cooling tower experiment free download as powerpoint presentation. The parameters are temperature and flow rate of water, relative humidity and flow rate of air and cooling load. Department of energy idaho operations office idaho national engineering laboratory this is an informal report intended for use as a preliminaryor working document work supported by the u. Cooling experiments with water and foam study into fluegas cooling and fire extinction when deploying caf, firedos, high pressure and low pressure hose lines in offensive interior fire fighting operations version. This water is available from plant wells, municipal supplies, and, increasingly, treated municipal wastewater.
The power transfer was calculated from this experiment of cooling load for 0. As the universal solvent, water is capable of dissolving a variety of materials as well as holding. For refilling both tanks distilled water was always used. Types of cooling towers natural draft and mechanical draft. Most of the droplets were collected on the first stage of the cascade impactor and, there fore, exceed llu m in size. There are aspect that contribute to calculation of cooling tower makeup water. The cooled water falls from the lowest packing deck into the basin, where its temperature t6 is again measured and then passes into the load tank where it is re. Abstract this experiment was conducted to perform energy and mass balance on the cooling tower system and to observe the effects of one of the process variables on the exit temperature of water.
Ce427 chemical engineering laboratory iii fall 2004 cooling tower skill outcomes. The environmental engineers stance is slightly different. A pc is used to evaluate the results of the experiments. The cooling effect is obtained by the natural air which is entering in the gap provided by the louvers. Introduction cooling towers are used for cooling large amounts of water in chemical industry, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants and petroleum industry. Water outputs from a cooling tower include controlled losses such as evaporation, bleed, drift and pump gland leakage and uncontrolled losses including leaks, splash out, overflows and windage. After extracting heat from the process units, this stream is returned to the cooling tower, as the cooling water return cwr stream. For all temperature measurements the 26 thermocouples chromel.
A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which air and water are brought into direct contact with each other in order to reduce the waters temperature. Cooling is accomplished through the latent heat of vaporization. Exp 7 cooling tower report final chee2820 uon studocu. For water cooling tower experiment, there are several parameters that can be adjusted to. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. The water circuit consists of water reservoir with. Study on the heat transfer characteristics of an evaporative. The water balance of a tower or cooling water system involves all of the water inputs and outputs associated with the operation of the system. Mar 02, 2015 this water is available from plant wells, municipal supplies, and, increasingly, treated municipal wastewater.
Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. In this experiment the water cooling tower unit is. Makeup water water added to the system to replace water lost through evaporation, bleed of and windage recirculation the rate at which water circulates in the cooling tower in m 3 hour litressec bleed off water deliberately bled from the system to prevent the cooling system water from becoming too concentrated. Conclusion this experiment has been conducted to study the effects of heater power on the exit. Using soft water for cooling tower makeup water technology. Makeup water water added to the system to replace water lost through evaporation, bleed of and windage recirculation the rate at which water circulates in the cooling tower in m 3 hour litressec. A majority of cooling towers use raw, hard water as makeup. In this experiment the water cooling tower unit is designed. The hybrid cooling tower can serve not only as a dry heat exchanger but also as a wet cooling tower. The parameters are temperature, flow rate of water, relative. This paper discusses the performance of cooling towers in different climatic zone of the u. In completing this particular experiment, the student should develop or improve mastery of the following skills. Cooling tower types cooling towers fall into two main categories.
It discusses theories and presents a sample data from the actual experiment done. For greater cooling capacity, cooling towers use a fan to create more evaporation. Water treatment for cooling towers 1 of 2 water treatment helps ensure that heattransfer surfaces perform to design specifications by amanda meitz, senior microbiologist, nalco diversified technologies, inc. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using. Unit operations lab cooling tower experiment youtube. Summary of experiments using the water cooling tower. These sources vary in quality depending on the concentration of dissolved and suspended solids. The hybrid cooling tower is a combination of the advantages of a wet and a dry cooling tower. Using soft water for cooling tower makeup is less common, however, notwithstanding that this strategy offers.
Ability to safely operate the cooling tower apparatus located in 116 jarvis understanding of psychrometric charts ability to use a. During the cooling tower working process, small volumes of water evaporate, lowering the temperature of the water thats being circulated throughout the cooling tower. The wl 320 wet cooling tower is intended to demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative functioning and characteristic variables of a cooling tower. As this occurs, a small volume of water is evaporated, reducing the temperature of the water being circulated through the tower. In this post i want to share you how to calculate cooling tower makeup water. Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermal. The water exits the cooling tower and is sent back to the exchangers or to other units for further cooling. Water savings of cooling tower efficiency measures for use in performance contracts. Both types function as heat exchangers based on the counter flow principle. Lab 2water cooling tower free download as word doc.
Experiment 7 cooling tower atmosphere of earth flow. Its been a while since the last time i write an article about utility system. If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself. Prelab report cooling tower experiment engineering. The air and water flows for the cooling tower were switched on and the water level for the makeup tank and wet bulbs checked. It allows you to audit the arrangements you have in place or intend to put in. Lab 2water cooling tower evaporation humidity scribd. The cooling tower columns and the connections of the piping system are designed such that parts can be changed or repaired easily. Cooling towers are a special type of heat exchanger that allows water and air to come in contact with each other to lower the temperature of the hot water.
Ce427 chemical engineering laboratory iii fall 2005 cooling tower objectives. Determine at a water to air mass flow ratio of 1, how the range, and the approach vary with increasing water flow rate. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic tile packing ramkumar ramkrishnan. Water cooling tower laboratory was conducted to perform heat and mass balance. The unit resembles a full size forced draught cooling tower and it is actually an open system through which two streams of fluid in this case air and water pass and in which. From this view,the purpose of a cooling tower is to conserve water. As the water evaporates, the air absorbs heat, which lowers the temperature of the remaining water. In this experiment, the water cooling tower unit is designed to demonstrate the construction, design and operational characteristics of a modern cooling system.
The fan pulls air through the filters at the bottom of the unit and move it up and out through the top of the cooling tower, passing through the fill packaging and drift eliminators. Cooling tower must be made up because the water level decrease by the time during operation. For this experiment, the uop6mkii basic water cooling tower fitted with standard packing was used to determine the effect of water flow rate and air flow rate on the performance of the cooling tower. Warm recirculating water is sent to the cooling tower where a portion of the water is evaporated into the air passing through the tower. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wetbulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near. The basics of cooling tower water treatment the purpose of a cooling tower is to remove the heat generated by an hvac system cooling of compressor refrigerant and heat generated by the compressor itself.
This is a prelaboratory report about a cooling tower experiment for chemical engineering students. Typical closed loop cooling tower system is shown in figure 7. Cooling towers with open and closed water circuits are available. From the mechanical engineers perspective, the purpose of a cooling tower is to reject waste heat to the atmosphere by evaporative and sensible heat transfer. Doc cooling tower lab report sem yong hao academia. Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement. This process provides significant cooling to the remaining water stream that. The hot water is then supplied to the cooling tower for cooling by the use of motor pump. Cooling tower measurement and verification technical advisory group. As the name indicates, the air is circulated inside the cooling tower by natural convection. Apr 29, 2016 this feature is not available right now. Initial conditions for the cooling tower were programmed into the equipment. The cooled water is collected in the sump or basin of the cooling tower, and it is typically pumped to the plant as the cooling water supply cws stream.
Water treatment for cooling towers 1 of 2 email a colleague. Introduction the cooling tower is a steady flow device that uses a combination of mass and energy transfer to cool water by exposing it as an extended surface to the atmosphere. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower. Cooling water treatment chemicals inhibitors and microbial. Water comsumption of cooling towers in different climate. The local climate strongly affects the efficiency of a cooling tower and its water consumption. A psychromehic analysis of the air passing through a cooling tower illustrates this effect figure 2. Cooling water problems and solutions ced engineering. Cooling tower legionella risk assessment checklist template.
Pdf cooling tower experiment jayden trotter academia. Cooling water problems and solutions water is used in cooling systems as a heat transfer medium and frequently also as the final point to reject heat into the atmosphere by evaporating inside cooling towers. The cooling tower is not appropriate in residential air conditioning systems because this cooling tower could produce minor water loss. Cooling tower experiment by becca peltzman on prezi. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. The air flows in the opposite direction to the flow of condenser water. For water cooling tower experiment, there are several parameters that can be adjusted to observe its effects on the evaporation of water. Air enters at the ambient condition point a, absorbs heat and mass moisture from the water. An opencircuit cooling tower, commonly called a cooling tower, is a specialized heat exchanger in which two fluids air and water are. System design, including system capacity, cooling tower type, basin depth, materials of construction, flow rates, heat transfer rates, temperature drop and associated accessories 2.
Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermalfluid. All of the required measured values are acquired by sensors and shown on digital displays. Determine at various ratios of water to air mass flow rate, the tower characteristic for the cooling tower located in jarvis 116. Then with the conditions of a specific trial from the experiment, the mass flow rate of water in the cooling tower was scaled up to match the mass flow rate of. Department of energy assistant secretary for resource. Cooling tower performance and sensors for thermalfluid systems. Process results and conclusions cools water by exposing the water particles to air actually perform the experiment better predictive equations 20% heat transfer more consistent temperature reading equipment 80% mass transfer cooling tower experiment system set up objectives. Hilton h891 bench top cooling tower and its operating principles. Experimental study on heat and mass transfer in cooling towers 853 thermocouples 28 and 29 are measuring the water temperature at inlet of water distribution system and in vessel 3 collecting the water after passing through fill and below the rain zone. The cooling effect is obtained by the natural air which is. Pdf experimental analysis of a laboratory scale cooling tower. Cooling tower experiment supplement august 31, 2011 follow the same procedures outlined in the cooling tower performance experiment 1 except in our case we will be using the cooling tower in the university power plant.
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